Types of communicationTypes of communicationįormal communication refers to the communicationĪ precise communication channel following a fixedįormal channel is the systematic ,authorized and The different levels in the structure have toĬommunicate with each other in a systematic Relationship between various positions in theĢ. - Informal Networks: - consist of interaction patterns that are not designed by management can be based on physical proximity, shared career interests or personal friendships article about the exchange of email in an organization (E-mail reveals real leaders) used e-mail exchanges to build a map of the structure of an organization The map shows the teams in which people actually work, as opposed to those they are assigned to unofficial de facto leaders can also emerge big institutions tend to divide organically into informal collaborative networks, called communities of practice -> companies‘ informal structure the communities often crossed the formal departmental boundaries defined by the company - chain: every member passes on information, but to just one person - gossip one person passes on information to all the others that he encounters - probability chain no structure A is very talkative and outgoing type, passes on information to random contacts - cluster information is passed on to selected persons most common pattern selectivity: pass on information to people with whom you are in close contactġ.- may be used for small working groups - open communication system - good for brainstorming - disadvantage: slow.between middle managers from different departments at the same level of the organisation - problem: decision-making can be slow or poor because of a lock of coordination - sections or departments can communicate with only two others - e.g.head office communicating with salespeople in different regions - one group, person or department occupies a central position - e.g.„the y“ in the organization chart some of the possible configurations of connections between people - the way communication networks are actually planned - circles represent individuals - lines represent two-way lines of communication - example of formal communication within a hierarchy such as in the police force or civil force Structures within the organization charts e.g.Civil Service - advantage: leader at the top of the hierarchy who can oversee communications - disadvantage: isolation felt by those at the bottom of the network, less motivation - one person passes information to the others, who then pass it on - e.g.
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